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Whitwarta is a town in South Australia. The town is situated beside the Wakefield River (known as ''Undalya'' to the Indigenous people) about 100 km north of the state capital, Adelaide. The name ''Whitwarta'' means freshwater (distorted from Whitarter), a reference to the freshwater springs that exist along the pronounced bend in the river nearby.〔(Welwyn - Whyalla )〕 The constant availability of freshwater along an otherwise dry river (the Rocks upstream of Balaklava is the next closest and permanent waterhole) meant that Whitwarta was a suitable place to establish a village. Approximately 20 people now live in the village. Geographically, Whitwarta is situated on the plains, almost halfway between the Clare Valley and Skillagalee Hills to the East and the Southern Hummocks Ranges to the West. A series of salt lakes pepper the countryside to the West and North East of Whitwarta. The old Whitwarta School (1879–1951)〔http://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/research/condon/teachers/teachers-list.asp?School=Whitwarta〕 still stands at the northern end of the village on Bowman St, as does the Post Office at the southern end. The church and Whitwarta Hotel〔http://nla.gov.au/nla.cs-pa-HTTP%253A%252F%252F143.216.21.253%252FMPCIMG%252F56500%252FB56277.HTM〕 along the Kadina Road were damaged by floods during the 1900s, and were demolished as a consequence. The last flood occurred in September 2010 (the previous flood occurred in summer of 1998). A number of ''Eucalyptus camaldulensis'' sprouted on the flood plains and riparian zone shortly afterwards, some of which have been fenced-off by local farmers to avoid stock damage. A management plan for the River Wakefield was carried out in 2000, which included recommendations for the amelioration of water quality and flow at Whitwarta. Up until the late 1970s, it was common for the River Wakefield to flow every winter. Damming of the river upstream has impacted flows to the point that the River Wakefield now flows about once every five years. The trees around Whitwarta have suffered in recent years because of the rise of salinity in the soil. The National Trust of South Australia has listed a stand of ''Eucalyptus largiflorens'' (River Box) at Whitwarta on the significant tree registrar.〔http://www.nationaltrustsa.org.au/pdf/sig_tree_reg_2.pdf〕 These trees, which are located approximately 500 m north of the River Wakefield and about 600 m west of the Halbury-Whitwarta intersection, are the only Eucalypts of their kind in the district. Local farmers say that these trees sprouted after a flood in the early-mid 1900s. A gliding club and rifle club are both located on the outskirts of Whitwarta. Whitwarta once had a cricket team and a tennis club. == Traditional Occupants == According to the ''Manning Index of South Australian History'', the "Nantuwwara (Nantawarra) tribe of some 25 to 30 once occupied the country from the River Wakefield, north to Whitwarta and west to the Hummock Range." The index indicates that the Nantuwarra name refers to the 'place where the kangaroo people live'.〔(Nackara - Naracoorte )〕 See the article by (H.M. Cooper ) (1961) Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aust. (1961), Vol. 34. for information about traditional campsites in the Wakefield River region. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Whitwarta, South Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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